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how do each of these network equipment relate to each other?
routers, switches, tranceivers, terminal server, firewall, switch modules.
I am wondering how these are all used when connecting one building to another, for example by a GigE connection.
Oh goodie, I like this question. Here goes:
[Network Topology 101]
Your Computer/LAN --> Routing Hardware used for ISP WAN --> Internet
Let's assume you're trying to link two networks at two college campuses. And let it be clear the only reason to run your own WAN (wide area network) is for the purposes of security. I.E. You want to be able to communicate between the two campuses without anyone from the internet being able to see the information being transmitted.
First, any end-user's computer links to a switch (via wireless or wired), which is nothing more then a complicated splitter. This splitter does not communicate with the computer on the software level, only the hardware level.
This switch then links to a router (via ethernet, coax, fiber optics, et cetera). The router is what's responsible for the logical processing (the software layer) of the network. For simplicity's purpose, let's assume your DNS and DHCP server are both integrated into your router (which I would assume is a simple WAN router - not a broadband modem).
DHCP is responsible for assigning local IP addresses (like a mailing address) to every computer that requests to join the local network (LAN).
The DNS server is responsible for changing a requested hostname (ie www.google.com) into a useable IP address.
Anyways, the router is what will do the communication between the two LANs (at each campus) as well as the internet.
A transceiver is used when running a wired link that exceeds the maximum length for proper transmission from the router. For example, building A is too far away from building B to run a simple ethernet cable between them. You slip a transceiver in the middle and it boosts the signals between the two transmission sources (ie two switches).
A terminal server doesn't really apply to this - because it's not related to networking in the same sense. If you're talking about the 'hard' terminal server - well, that's a device that allows serial-linked devices to connect to a network based on ethernet. This would connect to a switch.
Most likely, both LANs will each have their own firewall (either built into the router or a separate server). All information passed between the two networks and the internet will first be analyzed by the firewall and assessed as to whether it's safe or not via a set of rules predetermined by a programmer/operator.
Now, by switch modules, I assume you mean 'unmanaged' switches. In which case, the only difference between managed and unmanaged is a managed switch can be programmed for the purpose of using certain links for uplink and certain links for downlink. (Upload/download)
Or you could be referring to a type of switch that can be stacked onto another switch. (I.E. a rack of 3 - 4 switches that all work in tandem)
The truth is, books have been written about this sort of stuff. This is the most basic example/definition I can come up with.
And to be fair, in the example you provided, connecting two buildings via a Gigabit link would be as simple as connecting two switches with a transceiver on each end. You wouldn't need a router to communicate between the two buildings. Routers/WANS are for long-distance, internet-backboned communication/networking.
Whats On My YouTube Today?
SMART SWITCH MODULES
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